In Vivo Mechanisms of Vaccine-Induced Protection against HPV Infection

Patricia M. Day, Rhonda C. Kines, Cynthia D. Thompson, Subhashini Jagu, Richard B. Roden, Douglas R. Lowy, John T. Schiller. Using a human papillomavirus (HPV) cervicovaginal murine challenge model, we microscopically examined the in vivo mechanisms o… . . . → Read More: In Vivo Mechanisms of Vaccine-Induced Protection against HPV Infection

Enterobacteriaceae Act in Concert with the Gut Microbiota to Induce Spontaneous and Maternally Transmitted Colitis

Wendy S. Garrett, Carey A. Gallini, Tanya Yatsunenko, Monia Michaud, Andrea DuBois, Mary L. Delaney, Shivesh Punit, Maria Karlsson, Lynn Bry, Jonathan N. Glickman, Jeffrey I. Gordon, Andrew B. Onderdonk, Laurie H. Glimcher. Disruption of homeostasis be… . . . → Read More: Enterobacteriaceae Act in Concert with the Gut Microbiota to Induce Spontaneous and Maternally Transmitted Colitis

The Human Immune Response to Dengue Virus Is Dominated by Highly Cross-Reactive Antibodies Endowed with Neutralizing and Enhancing Activity

Martina Beltramello, Katherine L. Williams, Cameron P. Simmons, Annalisa Macagno, Luca Simonelli, Nguyen Than Ha Quyen, Soila Sukupolvi-Petty, Erika Navarro-Sanchez, Paul R. Young, Aravinda M. de Silva, Félix A. Rey, Luca Varani, Stephen S. Whitehea… . . . → Read More: The Human Immune Response to Dengue Virus Is Dominated by Highly Cross-Reactive Antibodies Endowed with Neutralizing and Enhancing Activity

Cellular Networks Involved in the Influenza Virus Life Cycle

Tokiko Watanabe, Shinji Watanabe, Yoshihiro Kawaoka. Influenza viruses cause epidemics and pandemics. Like all viruses, influenza viruses rely on the host cellular machinery to support their life cycle. Accordingly, identification of the host functi…. . . . → Read More: Cellular Networks Involved in the Influenza Virus Life Cycle

The Cell Biology of HIV-1 Virion Genesis

Paul D. Bieniasz. Recent work has illuminated three critical aspects of the cell biology of HIV-1 particle genesis. First, we have come to understand which cellular membranes are selected as platforms for virus par…. . . . → Read More: The Cell Biology of HIV-1 Virion Genesis

A Type VI Secretion System of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Targets a Toxin to Bacteria

Rachel D. Hood, Pragya Singh, FoSheng Hsu, Tüzün Güvener, Mike A. Carl, Rex R.S. Trinidad, Julie M. Silverman, Brooks B. Ohlson, Kevin G. Hicks, Rachael L. Plemel, Mo Li, Sandra Schwarz, Wenzhuo Y. Wang, Alexey J. Merz, David R. Goodlett, Joseph D. … . . . → Read More: A Type VI Secretion System of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Targets a Toxin to Bacteria

Influenza Virus Evolution, Host Adaptation, and Pandemic Formation

Jeffery K. Taubenberger, John C. Kash. Newly emerging or “re-emerging” viral diseases continue to pose significant global public health threats. Prototypic are influenza viruses that are major causes of human respiratory infections and…. . . . → Read More: Influenza Virus Evolution, Host Adaptation, and Pandemic Formation

A Biphasic Innate Immune MAPK Response Discriminates between the Yeast and Hyphal Forms of Candida albicans in Epithelial Cells

David L. Moyes, Manohursingh Runglall, Celia Murciano, Chengguo Shen, Deepa Nayar, Selvam Thavaraj, Arinder Kohli, Ayesha Islam, Hector Mora-Montes, Stephen J. Challacombe, Julian R. Naglik. Discriminating between commensal and pathogenic states of opp… . . . → Read More: A Biphasic Innate Immune MAPK Response Discriminates between the Yeast and Hyphal Forms of Candida albicans in Epithelial Cells

Structural and Functional Analysis of Prehistoric Lentiviruses Uncovers an Ancient Molecular Interface

David C. Goldstone, Melvyn W. Yap, Laura E. Robertson, Lesley F. Haire, William R. Taylor, Aris Katzourakis, Jonathan P. Stoye, Ian A. Taylor. Lentiviruses are widespread in a variety of vertebrates, often associated with chronic disease states. Howeve… . . . → Read More: Structural and Functional Analysis of Prehistoric Lentiviruses Uncovers an Ancient Molecular Interface

A Diacylglycerol-Dependent Signaling Pathway Contributes to Regulation of Antibacterial Autophagy

Shahab Shahnazari, Wei-Lien Yen, Cheryl L. Birmingham, Jessica Shiu, Anton Namolovan, Yiyu T. Zheng, Keiko Nakayama, Daniel J. Klionsky, John H. Brumell. Autophagy mediates the degradation of cytoplasmic contents in the lysosome and plays a significant… . . . → Read More: A Diacylglycerol-Dependent Signaling Pathway Contributes to Regulation of Antibacterial Autophagy

Integrative Genomic Approaches Highlight a Family of Parasite-Specific Kinases that Regulate Host Responses

Lucia Peixoto, Feng Chen, Omar S. Harb, Paul H. Davis, Daniel P. Beiting, Catie Small Brownback, Dinkorma Ouloguem, David S. Roos. Apicomplexan parasites release factors via specialized secretory organelles (rhoptries, micronemes) that are thought to c… . . . → Read More: Integrative Genomic Approaches Highlight a Family of Parasite-Specific Kinases that Regulate Host Responses

Sindbis Virus Usurps the Cellular HuR Protein to Stabilize Its Transcripts and Promote Productive Infections in Mammalian and Mosquito Cells

Kevin J. Sokoloski, Alexa M. Dickson, Emily L. Chaskey, Nicole L. Garneau, Carol J. Wilusz, Jeffrey Wilusz. How viral transcripts are protected from the cellular RNA decay machinery and the importance of this protection for the virus are largely unknow… . . . → Read More: Sindbis Virus Usurps the Cellular HuR Protein to Stabilize Its Transcripts and Promote Productive Infections in Mammalian and Mosquito Cells

Direct Complement Restriction of Flavivirus Infection Requires Glycan Recognition by Mannose-Binding Lectin

Anja Fuchs, Tsai-Yu Lin, David W. Beasley, Cordula M. Stover, Wilhelm J. Schwaeble, Theodore C. Pierson, Michael S. Diamond. An intact complement system is crucial for limiting West Nile virus (WNV) dissemination. Herein, we define how complement direc… . . . → Read More: Direct Complement Restriction of Flavivirus Infection Requires Glycan Recognition by Mannose-Binding Lectin

Alternate Mechanisms of Initial Pattern Recognition Drive Differential Immune Responses to Related Poxviruses

William E. O’Gorman, Padma Sampath, Erin F. Simonds, Rachel Sikorski, Mark O’Malley, Peter O. Krutzik, Hannah Chen, Vijay Panchanathan, Geeta Chaudhri, Gunasegaran Karupiah, David B. Lewis, Steve H. Thorne, Garry P. Nolan. Vaccinia immunization was piv… . . . → Read More: Alternate Mechanisms of Initial Pattern Recognition Drive Differential Immune Responses to Related Poxviruses

Fidelity of Pathogen-Specific CD4+ T Cells to the Th1 Lineage Is Controlled by Exogenous Cytokines, Interferon-? Expression, and Pathogen Lifestyle

Meredith M. Curtis, Emily Rowell, Shahin Shafiani, Amina Negash, Kevin B. Urdahl, Christopher B. Wilson, Sing Sing Way. The degree of lineage stability achieved by pathogen-specific CD4+ T cells in vivo, and how this impacts host defense against infe… . . . → Read More: Fidelity of Pathogen-Specific CD4+ T Cells to the Th1 Lineage Is Controlled by Exogenous Cytokines, Interferon-? Expression, and Pathogen Lifestyle

Peptidoglycan Recognition Proteins Protect Mice from Experimental Colitis by Promoting Normal Gut Flora and Preventing Induction of Interferon-?

Sukumar Saha, Xuefang Jing, Shin Yong Park, Shiyong Wang, Xinna Li, Dipika Gupta, Roman Dziarski. There are multiple mechanisms that protect the intestine from an excessive inflammatory response to intestinal microorganisms. We report here that all fou… . . . → Read More: Peptidoglycan Recognition Proteins Protect Mice from Experimental Colitis by Promoting Normal Gut Flora and Preventing Induction of Interferon-?

STAT Activation during Viral Infection In Vivo: Where’s the Interferon?

Lionel B. Ivashkiv. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, O’Gorman et al. (2010) identify a key role for early TLR2-mediated IL-6 production and STAT3 activation in generating protective immunity against p…. . . . → Read More: STAT Activation during Viral Infection In Vivo: Where’s the Interferon?

Mammalian PGRPs Also Mind the Fort

Stephen Rubino, Jooeun Lee, Stephen E. Girardin. Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs or Pglyrps) regulate antibacterial responses in Drosophila, yet their functions in humans remain unclear. In this issue of Cell Host & Micro…. . . . → Read More: Mammalian PGRPs Also Mind the Fort

Autophagy Employs a New DAGger against Bacteria

Frank Lafont. Autophagy can orchestrate innate immune responses to bacterial infection by targeting invading pathogens for lysosomal degradation. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Shahnazari et a…. . . . → Read More: Autophagy Employs a New DAGger against Bacteria

Viral suppressors of RNA-based viral immunity: host targets.

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Cell Host Microbe. 2010 Jul 22;8(1):12-5
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Inflammasome inhibition as a pathogenic stealth mechanism.

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Type VI secretion: not just for pathogenesis anymore.

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A place to call home.

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PMID: 20638634 [PubMed - in process]
. . . → Read More: A place to call home.

Immune evasion and counteraction of restriction factors by HIV-1 and other primate lentiviruses.

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Cell Host Microbe. 2010 Jul 22;8(1):55-67
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Retroviruses have evolved effective str… . . . → Read More: Immune evasion and counteraction of restriction factors by HIV-1 and other primate lentiviruses.

Manipulation of host cell death pathways during microbial infections.

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Cell Host Microbe. 2010 Jul 22;8(1):44-54
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The blessings and curses of intestinal inflammation.

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Cell Host Microbe. 2010 Jul 22;8(1):36-43
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Bacterial interactions with the host epithelium.

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Cell Host Microbe. 2010 Jul 22;8(1):20-35
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Imaging parasites at different scales.

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Cytoplasmic viral replication complexes.

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis wears what it eats.

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Viral latency and its regulation: lessons from the gamma-herpesviruses.

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Cell Host Microbe. 2010 Jul 22;8(1):100-15
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Evolution of eukaryotic microbial pathogens via covert sexual reproduction.

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Regulatory RNA in bacterial pathogens.

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Cell Host Microbe. 2010 Jul 22;8(1):116-27
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The Blessings and Curses of Intestinal Inflammation

Sebastian E. Winter, A. Marijke Keestra, Renée M. Tsolis, Andreas J. Bäumler. The intestinal immune system has to strike a delicate balance between initiating inflammatory responses against invading bacterial pathogens and avoiding their induction ag… . . . → Read More: The Blessings and Curses of Intestinal Inflammation

Viral Suppressors of RNA-Based Viral Immunity: Host Targets

Qingfa Wu, Xianbing Wang, Shou-Wei Ding. RNA-based viral immunity (RVI) operates in fungi, plants, and invertebrates to specifically destroy viral RNAs using the cellular RNA interference machinery. Discovery of diverse viral proteins as…. . . . → Read More: Viral Suppressors of RNA-Based Viral Immunity: Host Targets

Bacterial Interactions with the Host Epithelium

Minsoo Kim, Hiroshi Ashida, Michinaga Ogawa, Yuko Yoshikawa, Hitomi Mimuro, Chihiro Sasakawa. The gastrointestinal epithelium deploys multiple innate defense mechanisms to fight microbial intruders, including epithelial integrity, rapid epithelial cell… . . . → Read More: Bacterial Interactions with the Host Epithelium

Inflammasome Inhibition as a Pathogenic Stealth Mechanism

Debra J. Taxman, Max T.-H. Huang, Jenny P.-Y. Ting. The activation of inflammasomes containing NBD-LRR (NLRs) or non-NLRs is critical for effective host defense against microbial pathogens. Recent discoveries have uncovered a plethora of pathogenic…. . . . → Read More: Inflammasome Inhibition as a Pathogenic Stealth Mechanism

Imaging Parasites at Different Scales

Friedrich Frischknecht. Pathogens interact with their hosts at different spatial and temporal scales. Studying these interactions therefore requires a wide range of imaging tools and approaches that bridge physics and bi…. . . . → Read More: Imaging Parasites at Different Scales

Manipulation of Host Cell Death Pathways during Microbial Infections

Mohamed Lamkanfi, Vishva M. Dixit. Viral and microbial infections often elicit programmed cell death as part of the host defense system or as a component of the survival strategy of the pathogen. It is thus not surprising that path…. . . . → Read More: Manipulation of Host Cell Death Pathways during Microbial Infections

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Wears What It Eats

David G. Russell, Brian C. VanderVen, Wonsik Lee, Robert B. Abramovitch, Mi-jeong Kim, Susanne Homolka, Stefan Niemann, Kyle H. Rohde. Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains one of the most pernicious of human pathogens. Current vaccines are ineffective, a… . . . → Read More: Mycobacterium tuberculosis Wears What It Eats

Immune Evasion and Counteraction of Restriction Factors by HIV-1 and Other Primate Lentiviruses

Frank Kirchhoff. Retroviruses have evolved effective strategies to evade the host immune response, such as high variability and latent infection. In addition, primate lentiviruses, such as HIV-1, have acquired sev…. . . . → Read More: Immune Evasion and Counteraction of Restriction Factors by HIV-1 and Other Primate Lentiviruses

Cytoplasmic Viral Replication Complexes

Johan A. den Boon, Arturo Diaz, Paul Ahlquist. Many viruses that replicate in the cytoplasm compartmentalize their genome replication and transcription in organelle-like structures that enhance replication efficiency and protection from host d…. . . . → Read More: Cytoplasmic Viral Replication Complexes

Evolution of Eukaryotic Microbial Pathogens via Covert Sexual Reproduction

Joseph Heitman. Sexual reproduction enables eukaryotic organisms to reassort genetic diversity and purge deleterious mutations, producing better-fit progeny. Sex arose early and pervades eukaryotes. Fungal and pa…. . . . → Read More: Evolution of Eukaryotic Microbial Pathogens via Covert Sexual Reproduction

Viral Latency and Its Regulation: Lessons from the ?-Herpesviruses

Samuel H. Speck, Don Ganem. Latency is a state of cryptic viral infection associated with genomic persistence and highly restricted gene expression. Its hallmark is reversibility: under appropriate circumstances, expression …. . . . → Read More: Viral Latency and Its Regulation: Lessons from the ?-Herpesviruses

Regulatory RNA in Bacterial Pathogens

Kai Papenfort, Jörg Vogel. Bacteria constitute a large and diverse class of infectious agents, causing devastating diseases in humans, animals, and plants. Our understanding of gene expression control, which forms the basis…. . . . → Read More: Regulatory RNA in Bacterial Pathogens

Type VI Secretion: Not Just for Pathogenesis Anymore

Andrea J. Jani, Peggy A. Cotter. Type VI secretion systems (T6SS) have been studied primarily in the context of pathogenic bacteria-host interactions. Recent data suggest, however, that these versatile secretion systems may also …. . . . → Read More: Type VI Secretion: Not Just for Pathogenesis Anymore

A Place to Call Home

See the paper

CELL HOST . . . → Read More: A Place to Call Home