The Third Reviewer

Tomomi Shimogori, Daniel A Lee, Ana Miranda-Angulo, Yanqin Yang, Hong Wang, Lizhi Jiang, Aya C Yoshida, Ayane Kataoka, Hiromi Mashiko, Marina Avetisyan, Lixin Qi, Jiang Qian & Seth Blackshaw

The hypothalamus is a central regulator of many behaviors that are essential for survival, such as temperature regulation, food intake and circadian rhythms. However, the molecular . . . → Read More: A genomic atlas of mouse hypothalamic development

Eiji Shigetomi, Sebastian Kracun, Michael V Sofroniew & Baljit S Khakh

Calcium signaling is studied as a potential form of astrocyte excitability that may control astrocyte involvement in synaptic and cerebrovascular regulation. Fundamental questions remain unanswered about astrocyte calcium signaling, as current methods can not resolve calcium in small volume compartments, such as . . . → Read More: A genetically targeted optical sensor to monitor calcium signals in astrocyte processes

Gloria K Mak & Samuel Weiss

In mammals, olfaction is often used to distinguish individuals on the basis of their unique odor types (genetically programmed body odors). Parental-offspring recognition behavior is mediated, in part, by learning and processing of different odor types and is crucial for reproductive success. Maternal recognition behavior and associated . . . → Read More: Paternal recognition of adult offspring mediated by newly generated CNS neurons

Vincent Vialou, Alfred J Robison, Quincey C LaPlant, Herbert E Covington III, David M Dietz, Yoshinori N Ohnishi, Ezekiell Mouzon, Augustus J Rush III, Emily L Watts, Deanna L Wallace, Sergio D Iñiguez, Yoko H Ohnishi, Michel A Steiner, Brandon L Warren, Vaishnav Krishnan, Carlos A Bolaños, Rachael L Neve, Subroto Ghose, Olivier Berton, Carol A . . . → Read More: ?FosB in brain reward circuits mediates resilience to stress and antidepressant responses

Charles T Anderson, Patrick L Sheets, Taro Kiritani & Gordon M G Shepherd

The mammalian motor system is organized around distinct subcortical subsystems, suggesting that the intracortical circuits immediately upstream of spinal cord and basal ganglia might be functionally differentiated as well. We found that the main excitatory pathway in mouse motor cortex, . . . → Read More: Sublayer-specific microcircuits of corticospinal and corticostriatal neurons in motor cortex

Roy Smetana, Laurent Juvin, Réjean Dubuc & Simon Alford

The brainstem locomotor system is believed to be organized serially from the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) to reticulospinal neurons, which in turn project to locomotor neurons in the spinal cord. We identified brainstem muscarinoceptive neurons in lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) that received parallel inputs from . . . → Read More: A parallel cholinergic brainstem pathway for enhancing locomotor drive

Julian P Meeks, Hannah A Arnson & Timothy E Holy

In mice, nonvolatile social cues are detected and analyzed by the accessory olfactory system (AOS). Here we provide a first view of information processing in the AOS with respect to individual chemical cues. 12 sulfated steroids, recently discovered mouse AOS ligands, caused widespread . . . → Read More: Representation and transformation of sensory information in the mouse accessory olfactory system

Jie Liu, Alex Ward, Jingwei Gao, Yongming Dong, Nana Nishio, Hitoshi Inada, Lijun Kang, Yong Yu, Di Ma, Tao Xu, Ikue Mori, Zhixiong Xie & X Z Shawn Xu

The eyeless animal C. elegans is able to sense light and engages in phototaxis behavior that is mediated by photoreceptor cells. However, the molecular and cellular . . . → Read More: C. elegans phototransduction requires a G protein–dependent cGMP pathway and a taste receptor homolog –

Jörg Grandl, Sung Eun Kim, Valerie Uzzell, Badry Bursulaya, Matt Petrus, Michael Bandell & Ardem Patapoutian

TRPV1 is the founding and best-studied member of the family of temperature-activated transient receptor potential ion channels (thermoTRPs). Voltage, chemicals and heat allosterically gate TRPV1. Molecular determinants of TRPV1 activation by capsaicin, allicin, acid, ammonia and voltage . . . → Read More: Temperature-induced opening of TRPV1 ion channel is stabilized by the pore domain

Fadel Tissir, Yibo Qu, Mireille Montcouquiol, Libing Zhou, Kouji Komatsu, Dongbo Shi, Toshihiko Fujimori, Jason Labeau, Donatienne Tyteca, Pierre Courtoy, Yves Poumay, Tadashi Uemura & Andre M Goffinet

Ependymal cells form the epithelial lining of cerebral ventricles. Their apical surface is covered by cilia that beat in a coordinated fashion to facilitate circulation of the . . . → Read More: Lack of cadherins Celsr2 and Celsr3 impairs ependymal ciliogenesis, leading to fatal hydrocephalus

Simone A Fietz, Iva Kelava, Johannes Vogt, Michaela Wilsch-Bräuninger, Denise Stenzel, Jennifer L Fish, Denis Corbeil, Axel Riehn, Wolfgang Distler, Robert Nitsch & Wieland B Huttner

A major cause of the cerebral cortex expansion that occurred during evolution is the increase in subventricular zone (SVZ) progenitors. We found that progenitors in the outer SVZ (OSVZ) . . . → Read More: OSVZ progenitors of human and ferret neocortex are epithelial-like and expand by integrin signaling

Fernando García-Moreno, María Pedraza, Luca G Di Giovannantonio, Michela Di Salvio, Laura López-Mascaraque, Antonio Simeone & Juan A De Carlos

Neurons usually migrate and differentiate in one particular encephalic vesicle. We identified a murine population of diencephalic neurons that colonized the telencephalic amygdaloid complex, migrating along a tangential route that crosses a boundary between . . . → Read More: A neuronal migratory pathway crossing from diencephalon to telencephalon populates amygdala nuclei

Paula Alexandre, Alexander M Reugels, David Barker, Eric Blanc & Jonathan D W Clarke

In the developing CNS, asymmetric cell division is critical for maintaining the balanced production of differentiating neurons while renewing the population of neural progenitors. In invertebrates, this process depends on asymmetric inheritance of fate determinants during progenitor divisions. A . . . → Read More: Neurons derive from the more apical daughter in asymmetric divisions in the zebrafish neural tube

Jessica R Cohen, Robert F Asarnow, Fred W Sabb, Robert M Bilder, Susan Y Bookheimer, Barbara J Knowlton & Russell A Poldrack

Previous work has shown that human adolescents may be hypersensitive to rewards, but it is not known which aspect of reward processing is responsible for this. We separated decision value and prediction error . . . → Read More: A unique adolescent response to reward prediction errors

Kaspar Meyer, Jonas T Kaplan, Ryan Essex, Cecelia Webber, Hanna Damasio & Antonio Damasio

Using multivariate pattern analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging data, we found that the subjective experience of sound, in the absence of auditory stimulation, was associated with content-specific activity in early auditory cortices in humans. As subjects viewed sound-implying, . . . → Read More: Predicting visual stimuli on the basis of activity in auditory cortices

Courtney A Miller, Cristin F Gavin, Jason A White, R Ryley Parrish, Avinash Honasoge, Christopher R Yancey, Ivonne M Rivera, María D Rubio, Gavin Rumbaugh & J David Sweatt

A behavioral memory’s lifetime represents multiple molecular lifetimes, suggesting the necessity for a self-perpetuating signal. One candidate is DNA methylation, a transcriptional repression mechanism that . . . → Read More: Cortical DNA methylation maintains remote memory

Keqiang Xie, Kevin L Allen, Saïd Kourrich, José Colón-Saez, Mark J Thomas, Kevin Wickman & Kirill A Martemyanov

The type 5 G protein ? subunit (G?5) can form complexes with members of the regulator of G protein signaling 7 (RGS7) family, but its relevance to neuronal G protein signaling is unclear. We found that mouse . . . → Read More: G?5 recruits R7 RGS proteins to GIRK channels to regulate the timing of neuronal inhibitory signaling