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See the paper Adan Aguirre, Maria E. Rubio & Vittorio Gallo Specialized cellular microenvironments, or ‘niches’, modulate stem cell properties, including cell number, self-renewal and fate decisions1, 2. In the adult brain, niches that maintain a source of neural stem cells (NSCs) and neural progenitor cells (NPCs) are the subventricular zone (SVZ) of . . . → Read More: Notch and EGFR pathway interaction regulates neural stem cell number and self-renewal Related Articles Related Articles Related Articles Related Articles Related Articles Related Articles Related Articles Related Articles Related Articles Related Articles See the paper In response to Kessels et al Juha Laurén1, David A. Gimbel1, Haakon B. Nygaard1, John W. Gilbert1 & Stephen M. Strittmatter1 Amyloid-? oligomers are correlated with Alzheimer’s disease progression and suppress synaptic plasticity1, 2, 3. Through unbiased expression cloning, we identified cellular prion protein (PrPC) as an amyloid-? oligomer binding protein4. PrPC was necessary for acute . . . → Read More: Laurén et al. reply See the paper Reply to Lauren et al 2009 Kessels HW, Nguyen LN, Nabavi S, Malinow R. Increased levels of brain amyloid-beta, a secreted peptide cleavage product of amyloid precursor protein (APP), is believed to be critical in the aetiology of Alzheimer’s disease. Increased amyloid-beta can cause synaptic depression, reduce the number of spine protrusions (that . . . → Read More: The prion protein as a receptor for amyloid-beta See the paper Jun Gao, Wen-Yuan Wang, Ying-Wei Mao, Johannes Gräff, Ji-Song Guan, Ling Pan, Gloria Mak, Dohoon Kim, Susan C. Su & Li-Huei Tsai The NAD-dependent deacetylase Sir2 was initially identified as a mediator of replicative lifespan in budding yeast and was subsequently shown to modulate longevity in worms and flies1, 2. Its mammalian . . . → Read More: A novel pathway regulates memory and plasticity via SIRT1 and miR-134 See the paper Andrew C. Elden, Hyung-Jun Kim, Michael P. Hart, Alice S. Chen-Plotkin, Brian S. Johnson, Xiaodong Fang, Maria Armakola, Felix Geser, Robert Greene, Min Min Lu, Arun Padmanabhan, Dana Clay-Falcone, Leo McCluskey, Lauren Elman, Denise Juhr, Peter J. Gruber, Udo Rüb, Georg Auburger, John Q. Trojanowski, Virginia M.-Y. Lee, Vivianna M. Van Deerlin, Nancy M. . . . → Read More: Ataxin-2 intermediate-length polyglutamine expansions are associated with increased risk for ALS See the paper Jonathan A. Oler, Andrew S. Fox, Steven E. Shelton, Jeffrey Rogers, Thomas D. Dyer, Richard J. Davidson, Wendy Shelledy, Terrence R. Oakes, John Blangero & Ned H. Kalin Anxious temperament (AT) in human and non-human primates is a trait-like phenotype evident early in life that is characterized by increased behavioural and physiological reactivity . . . → Read More: Amygdalar and hippocampal substrates of anxious temperament differ in their heritability See the paper Biliana Marcheva, Kathryn Moynihan Ramsey, Ethan D. Buhr, Yumiko Kobayashi, Hong Su, Caroline H. Ko, Ganka Ivanova, Chiaki Omura, Shelley Mo, Martha H. Vitaterna, James P. Lopez, Louis H. Philipson, Christopher A. Bradfield, Seth D. Crosby, Lellean JeBailey, Xiaozhong Wang, Joseph S. Takahashi & Joseph Bass The molecular clock maintains energy constancy by producing circadian . . . → Read More: Disruption of the clock components CLOCK and BMAL1 leads to hypoinsulinaemia and diabetes See the paper Alexxai V. Kravitz, Benjamin S. Freeze, Philip R. L. Parker, Kenneth Kay, Myo T. Thwin, Karl Deisseroth & Anatol C. Kreitzer Neural circuits of the basal ganglia are critical for motor planning and action selection1, 2, 3. Two parallel basal ganglia pathways have been described4, and have been proposed to exert opposing influences on motor . . . → Read More: Regulation of parkinsonian motor behaviours by optogenetic control of basal ganglia circuitry See the paper Ifije E. Ohiorhenuan, Ferenc Mechler, Keith P. Purpura, Anita M. Schmid, Qin Hu & Jonathan D. Victor Connectivity in the cortex is organized at multiple scales1, 2, 3, 4, 5, suggesting that scale-dependent correlated activity is particularly important for understanding the behaviour of sensory cortices and their function in stimulus encoding. We . . . → Read More: Sparse coding and high-order correlations in fine-scale cortical networks Binary nanocrystal superlattice membranes self-assembled at the liquid–air interface Nature 466, 474 (2010). doi:10.1038/nature09188 Authors: Angang Dong, Jun Chen, Patrick M. Vora, James M. Kikkawa & Christopher B. Murray Temperature-controlled organic carbon mineralization in lake sediments Nature 466, 478 (2010). doi:10.1038/nature09186 Authors: Cristian Gudasz, David Bastviken, Kristin Steger, Katrin Premke, Sebastian Sobek & Lars J. Tranvik Coupled dynamics of body mass and population growth in response to environmental change Nature 466, 482 (2010). doi:10.1038/nature09210 Authors: Arpat Ozgul, Dylan Z. Childs, Madan K. Oli, Kenneth B. Armitage, Daniel T. Blumstein, Lucretia E. Olso… . . . → Read More: Coupled dynamics of body mass and population growth in response to environmental change Anti-diabetic drugs inhibit obesity-linked phosphorylation of PPARγ by Cdk5 Nature 466, 451 (2010). doi:10.1038/nature09291 Authors: Jang Hyun Choi, Alexander S. Banks, Jennifer L. Estall, Shingo Kajimura, Pontus Boström, Dina Laznik, Jo… . . . → Read More: Anti-diabetic drugs inhibit obesity-linked phosphorylation of PPAR? by Cdk5 Start/stop signals emerge in nigrostriatal circuits during sequence learning Nature 466, 457 (2010). doi:10.1038/nature09263 Authors: Xin Jin & Rui M. Costa An intensity map of hydrogen 21-cm emission at redshift z ≈ 0.8 Nature 466, 463 (2010). doi:10.1038/nature09187 Authors: Tzu-Ching Chang, Ue-Li Pen, Kevin Bandura & Jeffrey B. Peterson Lunar apatite with terrestrial volatile abundances Nature 466, 466 (2010). doi:10.1038/nature09274 Authors: Jeremy W. Boyce, Yang Liu, George R. Rossman, Yunbin Guan, John M. Eiler, Edward M. Stolper & Lawrence A. Taylor Atomically precise bottom-up fabrication of graphene nanoribbons Nature 466, 470 (2010). doi:10.1038/nature09211 Authors: Jinming Cai, Pascal Ruffieux, Rached Jaafar, Marco Bieri, Thomas Braun, Stephan Blankenburg, Matthias Muoth, Ari P. Seitsonen… . . . → Read More: Atomically precise bottom-up fabrication of graphene nanoribbons Arising from: Z. Shcheprova, S. Baldi, S. B. Frei, G. Gonnet & Y. Barral Nature454, 728–734 (2008)During mitosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, senescence factors such as extrachromosomal ribosomal DNA circles (ERCs) are retained in the mother cell and excluded from the bud/daughter cell. Shcheprova et al. proposed a model suggesting segregation of ERCs through their association with nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) and retention of pre-existing NPCs in the mother cell during mitosis. However, this model is inconsistent with previous data and we demonstrate here that NPCs do efficiently migrate from the mother into the bud. Therefore, binding to NPCs does not seem to explain the retention of ERCs in the mother cell. . . . → Read More: Segregation of yeast nuclear pores See the paper Yunkun Wu, Yi Yang, Sheng Ye & Youxing Jiang Large-conductance Ca2+-gated K+ (BK) channels are essential for many biological processes such as smooth muscle contraction and neurotransmitter release1, 2, 3, 4. This group of channels can be activated synergistically by both voltage and intracellular Ca2+, with the large carboxy-terminal intracellular portion being responsible for Ca2+ . . . → Read More: Structure of the gating ring from the human large-conductance Ca2+-gated K+ channel See the paper Michael C. Schmid, Sylwia W. Mrowka, Janita Turchi, Richard C. Saunders, Melanie Wilke, Andrew J. Peters, Frank Q. Ye & David A. Leopold Injury to the primary visual cortex (V1) leads to the loss of visual experience. Nonetheless, careful testing shows that certain visually guided behaviours can persist even in the absence of . . . → Read More: Blindsight depends on the lateral geniculate nucleus See the paper Dalila Pinto, Alistair T. Pagnamenta, Lambertus Klei, Richard Anney, Daniele Merico, Regina Regan, Judith Conroy, Tiago R. Magalhaes, Catarina Correia, Brett S. Abrahams, Joana Almeida, Elena Bacchelli, Gary D. Bader, Anthony J. Bailey, Gillian Baird, Agatino Battaglia, Tom Berney, Nadia Bolshakova, Sven Bölte, Patrick F. Bolton, Thomas Bourgeron, Sean Brennan, Jessica Brian, Susan E. . . . → Read More: Functional impact of global rare copy number variation in autism spectrum disorders See the paper Jiusheng Yan & Richard W. Aldrich Large-conductance, voltage- and calcium-activated potassium (BK, or KCa1.1) channels are ubiquitously expressed in electrically excitable and non-excitable cells1, 2, either as ?-subunit (BK?) tetramers or together with tissue specific auxiliary ?-subunits (?1–?4)3, 4, 5. Activation of BK channels typically requires coincident membrane depolarization and elevation in free cytosolic Ca2+ . . . → Read More: LRRC26 auxiliary protein allows BK channel activation at resting voltage without calcium See the paper Hank H. Qi, Madathia Sarkissian, Gang-Qing Hu, Zhibin Wang, Arindam Bhattacharjee, D. Benjamin Gordon, Michelle Gonzales, Fei Lan, Pat P. Ongusaha, Maite Huarte, Nasser K. Yaghi, Huijun Lim, Benjamin A. Garcia, Leonardo Brizuela, Keji Zhao, Thomas M. Roberts & Yang Shi X-linked mental retardation (XLMR) is a complex human disease that causes intellectual disability1. Causal . . . → Read More: Histone H4K20/H3K9 demethylase PHF8 regulates zebrafish brain and craniofacial development See the paper Xin Jin & Rui M. Costa Learning new action sequences subserves a plethora of different abilities such as escaping a predator, playing the piano, or producing fluent speech. Proper initiation and termination of each action sequence is critical for the organization of behaviour, and is compromised in nigrostriatal disorders like Parkinson’s . . . → Read More: Start/stop signals emerge in nigrostriatal circuits during sequence learning The decade-late, over-budget arrival of SOFIA shows that NASA’s practices need to change. . . . → Read More: NASA under the spotlight The controversy surrounding diabetes drugs highlights the importance of comparative studies. . . . → Read More: Effective approach Researchers and activists alike benefit from dialogue — and a clear line between legal and illegal acts. . . . → Read More: An act of distinction Cited research Am. Nat. doi:10.1086/655216 (2010)Male birds trying to woo females may improve their chances by socializing more, effectively boosting their relative attractiveness.Kevin Oh, currently at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, and Alexander Badyaev at the University . . . → Read More: Sexual selection: Networking for mates Cited research Cancer Cell18, 74–87 (2010) 10.1016/j.ccr.2010.04.025The primary therapy for chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), a blood cancer, is the drug Gleevec (imatinib mesylate), which targets a protein thought to be causative in the disease. But many patients . . . → Read More: Cancer biology: Leukaemia lockdown Cited research Nature Photonics doi:10.1038/nphoton.2010.165 (2010)Nestled between microwaves and infrared light on the electromagnetic spectrum, terahertz waves can penetrate plastic and fabrics and are used to identify chemicals. But unlike most electromagnetic radiation, they cannot travel far through air . . . → Read More: Physics: Detection from a distance Cited research Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA doi:10.1073/pnas.1003040107 (2010)One route HIV takes to infecting the immune system’s T cells is through dendritic cells, which present antigen on their surface. Researchers have captured three-dimensional images of single viral particles being . . . → Read More: Virology: HIV spread in 3D Cited research Neuron67, 49–60 (2010) 10.1016/j.neuron.2010.05.023Perception of patterns in the eye has long been attributed solely to two types of retinal cell — the rods and cones — but a study suggests that they are not alone . . . → Read More: Neuroscience: Versatile vision Cited research Ecol. Lett. doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01513.x (2010)Many pathogens reside in ‘reservoir’ hosts before breaking out and causing infections. Predicting which hosts make good reservoirs could aid disease control. James Cronin and his team at the University of North Carolina at . . . → Read More: Ecology: Hunt for pathogen’s home Cited research PLoS Genet.6, e1001022 (2010) 10.1371/journal.pgen.1001022A gene similar to one in humans linked to sperm production has been found in representative organisms from each of the major animal lineages. This suggests that some components of sperm production have . . . → Read More: Molecular evolution: Sperm-making origins Cited research Phys. Rev. Lett.105, 034501 (2010) 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.034501The popular desktop toy Newton’s cradle consists of a row of suspended metallic spheres. When the sphere at one end is pulled back and released, it strikes the row, causing the sphere . . . → Read More: Physics: Sticky balls Cited research Science doi:10.1126/science.1190721 (2010)Long thought simply to provide support to neurons, star-shaped brain cells called astrocytes may also be important in regulating breathing.Alexander Gourine at University College London, Sergey Kasparov at the University of Bristol, UK, and . . . → Read More: Neuroscience: Brain breathing Cited research Phys. Rev. Lett.105, 013003 (2010) 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.013003A cloud of antiprotons has been cooled to the coldest temperature yet, paving the way for a fundamental test of the symmetry of matter and antimatter, say Jeffrey Hangst of Aarhus University . . . → Read More: Particle physics: Arctic antimatter A cancer biologist marvels at how key gene regulators are still revealing hidden talents.What a difference time makes! It does not seem long since I learned, as a university student and as if it was a closed topic, that the regulation of fruitflies’ ‘homeotic’ . . . → Read More: Journal club As FDA advisers vote for restrictions on Avandia, researchers reveal a way to make such drugs safer. . . . → Read More: Diabetes drugs offered fresh start Congressional watchdog unearths shortcomings at agency in charge of repatriating ancient tribal remains. . . . → Read More: Audit picks a bone with US relics office NASA and Germany have spent 15 years and billions of dollars on SOFIA, an airborne telescope that is about to produce its first results. Eric Hand asks whether the science will justify the cost. . . . → Read More: Astronomy: Ready for boarding — finally Eradicating any organism would have serious consequences for ecosystems — wouldn’t it? Not when it comes to mosquitoes, finds Janet Fang. . . . → Read More: Ecology: A world without mosquitoes As one of the earliest participants in the Science and Entertainment Exchange Program of the US National Academy of Sciences, I would like to counter Daniel Sarewitz’s criticisms (Nature466, 27; 2010) by highlighting its success in promoting science to the public. . . . → Read More: They come for the fiction and stay for the science Ricardo Bayon and Michael Jenkins’s Opinion article oversimplifies the role of business in addressing environmental issues (Nature466, 184–185; 2010).Biodiversity interacts with essential and interdependent planetary processes, such as climate change and nitrogen cycles, which are already approaching . . . → Read More: Businesses and biodiversity: they would say that We object to the inaccurate and misleading characterization of William Nierenberg by Naomi Oreskes and Erik Conway (Nature465, 686–687; 2010). Their claim that the peer-review panel chaired by Nierenberg “played down the severity of acid rain” is a . . . → Read More: An independent thinker, willing to say what he thought A change in institutional culture is needed to promote responsible scientific behaviour and prevent misconduct. That’s unlikely to happen unless money is involved, say Sandra Titus and Xavier Bosch. . . . → Read More: Tie funding to research integrity A new survey shows that informal intervention can often avert much irresponsible scientific behaviour, and is not as risky as people might fear, say Gerald Koocher and Patricia Keith-Spiegel. . . . → Read More: Peers nip misconduct in the bud Brian Wynne wishes that a book on the vulnerability of scientific evidence to attack by ideologists had grappled more with the larger question of why science is such an easy target. . . . → Read More: When doubt becomes a weapon Aesthetically speaking, there is little to venerate in the periodic table. It is a messy family tree whose charm stems more from its quirks than its orderliness. No one doubts its mnemonic utility, but it is perverse that we regard the table both as an . . . → Read More: Behind the periodic table Antidiabetic drugs that activate the protein PPAR? had a bright start but soon lost their appeal because of undesirable side effects. Subtle modifications may once again make them suitable for treating diabetes. . . . → Read More: Obesity: New life for antidiabetic drugs An innovative way of mapping the large-scale structure in the Universe sidesteps the need to observe millions of galaxies individually. The approach holds promise for both astrophysical and cosmological studies. . . . → Read More: Astrophysics: Broad-brush cosmos Demonstrations of coupled phenotypic and demographic responses to climate change are rare. But they are much needed in formulating predictions of the effects of climate change on natural populations. . . . → Read More: Climate change: Fatter marmots on the rise By putting the pieces of a chemical puzzle into the right order, a thorny problem in catalysis has been solved. This opens the door to syntheses of molecules that contain the useful trifluoromethyl group. . . . → Read More: Catalysis: Fluorination made easier Conservation science: Hunting the cause of a population crash Nature 466, 448 (2010). doi:10.1038/466448a Authors: Tamás Székely & William J. Sutherland . . . → Read More: Conservation science: Hunting the cause of a population crash The organization of behaviour as sequences of actions requires proper initiation and termination of each action sequence. The neural circuit that signals instructions to start and stop is now revealed. . . . → Read More: Neuroscience: Brain’s traffic lights A delicate balancing act. . . . → Read More: Little Dutch boy Royal Society predicts ‘game over’ for British science. . . . → Read More: UK government warned over ‘catastrophic’ cuts Studies highlight uncertainties over effects of climate change. . . . → Read More: Amazon drought raises research doubts Targeted researchers support the legislation, despite free-speech concerns. . . . → Read More: Animal rights ‘terror’ law challenged The Large Hadron Collider could throw up evidence of new physics earlier than expected. . . . → Read More: Collider gets yet more exotic ‘to-do’ list Histone H4K20/H3K9 demethylase PHF8 regulates zebrafish brain and craniofacial development Nature 466, 503 (2010). doi:10.1038/nature09261 Authors: Hank H. Qi, Madathia Sarkissian, Gang-Qing Hu, Zhibin Wang, Arindam Bhattacharjee, D. Benjamin Gord… . . . → Read More: Histone H4K20/H3K9 demethylase PHF8 regulates zebrafish brain and craniofacial development PHF8 mediates histone H4 lysine 20 demethylation events involved in cell cycle progression Nature 466, 508 (2010). doi:10.1038/nature09272 Authors: Wen Liu, Bogdan Tanasa, Oksana V. Tyurina, Tian Yuan Zhou, Reto Gassmann, Wei Ting Liu, Kenneth A. … . . . → Read More: PHF8 mediates histone H4 lysine 20 demethylation events involved in cell cycle progression See the paper Luis G. Cuello, Vishwanath Jogini, D. Marien Cortes, Albert C. Pan, Dominique G. Gagnon, Olivier Dalmas, Julio F. Cordero-Morales, Sudha Chakrapani, Benoît Roux & Eduardo Perozo The coupled interplay between activation and inactivation gating is a functional hallmark of K+ channels1, 2. This coupling has been experimentally demonstrated through ion interaction effects3, 4 . . . → Read More: Structural basis for the coupling between activation and inactivation gates in K+ channels See the paper Luis G. Cuello, Vishwanath Jogini, D. Marien Cortes & Eduardo Perozo Interconversion between conductive and non-conductive forms of the K+ channel selectivity filter underlies a variety of gating events, from flicker transitions (at the microsecond timescale) to C-type inactivation (millisecond to second timescale). Here we report the crystal structure of the Streptomyces . . . → Read More: Structural mechanism of C-type inactivation in K+ channels See the paper Jonathan A. Hollander, Heh-In Im, Antonio L. Amelio, Jannet Kocerha, Purva Bali, Qun Lu, David Willoughby, Claes Wahlestedt, Michael D. Conkright & Paul J. Kenny Cocaine addiction is characterized by a gradual loss of control over drug use, but the molecular mechanisms regulating vulnerability to this process remain unclear. Here we report that . . . → Read More: Striatal microRNA controls cocaine intake through CREB signalling A new DAF-16 isoform regulates longevity Nature 466, 498 (2010). doi:10.1038/nature09184 Authors: Eun-Soo Kwon, Sri Devi Narasimhan, Kelvin Yen & Heidi A. Tissenbaum LRRC26 auxiliary protein allows BK channel activation at resting voltage without calcium Nature 466, 513 (2010). doi:10.1038/nature09162 Authors: Jiusheng Yan & Richard W. Aldrich See the paper Michael London, Arnd Roth, Lisa Beeren, Michael Häusser & Peter E. Latham It is well known that neural activity exhibits variability, in the sense that identical sensory stimuli produce different responses1, 2, 3, but it has been difficult to determine what this variability means. Is it noise, or does it carry important . . . → Read More: Sensitivity to perturbations in vivo implies high noise and suggests rate coding in cortex See the paper Sachiko Haga, Tatsuya Hattori, Toru Sato, Koji Sato, Soichiro Matsuda, Reiko Kobayakawa, Hitoshi Sakano, Yoshihiro Yoshihara, Takefumi Kikusui & Kazushige Touhara Various social behaviours in mice are regulated by chemical signals called pheromones that act through the vomeronasal system1, 2, 3. Exocrine gland-secreting peptide 1 (ESP1) is a 7-kDa peptide that is . . . → Read More: The male mouse pheromone ESP1 enhances female sexual receptive behaviour through a specific vomeronasal receptor Replacing underperforming protected areas achieves better conservation outcomes Nature 466, 365 (2010). doi:10.1038/nature09180 Authors: Richard A. Fuller, Eve McDonald-Madden, Kerrie A. Wilson, Josie Carwardine, Hedley S. Grantham, James E. M. Wa… . . . → Read More: Replacing underperforming protected areas achieves better conservation outcomes Allelic variation in a fatty-acyl reductase gene causes divergence in moth sex pheromones Nature 466, 486 (2010). doi:10.1038/nature09058 Authors: Jean-Marc Lassance, Astrid T. Groot, Marjorie A. Liénard, Binu Antony, Christin Borgwardt, Fred… . . . → Read More: Allelic variation in a fatty-acyl reductase gene causes divergence in moth sex pheromones Co-option of the hormone-signalling module dafachronic acid–DAF-12 in nematode evolution Nature 466, 494 (2010). doi:10.1038/nature09164 Authors: Gilberto Bento, Akira Ogawa & Ralf J. Sommer See the paper See also related paper by Grubb and Burrone Hiroshi Kuba, Yuki Oichi & Harunori Ohmori Deprivation of afferent inputs in neural circuits leads to diverse plastic changes in both pre- and postsynaptic elements that restore neural activity1. The axon initial segment (AIS) is the site at which neural signals arise2, 3, and should . . . → Read More: Presynaptic activity regulates Na+ channel distribution at the axon initial segment See the paper See also related paper by Kuba et al. Matthew S. Grubb & Juan Burrone In neurons, the axon initial segment (AIS) is a specialized region near the start of the axon that is the site of action potential initiation1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. The precise location of the AIS varies across and . . . → Read More: Activity-dependent relocation of the axon initial segment fine-tunes neuronal excitability Blindsight depends on the lateral geniculate nucleus Nature 466, 373 (2010). doi:10.1038/nature09179 Authors: Michael C. Schmid, Sylwia W. Mrowka, Janita Turchi, Richard C. Saunders, Melanie Wilke, Andrew J. Peters, Frank Q. Ye & David A. Leop… . . . → Read More: Blindsight depends on the lateral geniculate nucleus Structure of the gating ring from the human large-conductance Ca2+-gated K+ channel Nature 466, 393 (2010). doi:10.1038/nature09252 Authors: Yunkun Wu, Yi Yang, Sheng Ye & Youxing Jiang Planar cell polarity breaks bilateral symmetry by controlling ciliary positioning Nature 466, 378 (2010). doi:10.1038/nature09129 Authors: Hai Song, Jianxin Hu, Wen Chen, Gene Elliott, Philipp Andre, Bo Gao & Yingzi Yang Yujiao J. Sun, Guangying K. Wu, Bao-hua Liu, Pingyang Li, Mu Zhou, Zhongju Xiao, Huizhong W. Tao & Li I. Zhang Abstract See also Dorrn et al from same issue . . . → Read More: Fine-tuning of pre-balanced excitation and inhibition during auditory cortical development Anja L. Dorrn, Kexin Yuan, Alison J. Barker, Christoph E. Schreiner & Robert C. Froemke Abstract See also Sun et al. from same issue . . . → Read More: Developmental sensory experience balances cortical excitation and inhibition Members of the H3K4 trimethylation complex regulate lifespan in a germline-dependent manner in C. elegans Nature 466, 383 (2010). doi:10.1038/nature09195 Authors: Eric L. Greer, Travis J. Maures, Anna G. Hauswirth, Erin M. Green, Dena S. Leeman, G… . . . → Read More: Members of the H3K4 trimethylation complex regulate lifespan in a germline-dependent manner in C. elegans Jin Hyung Lee, Remy Durand, Viviana Gradinaru, Feng Zhang, Inbal Goshen, Dae-Shik Kim, Lief E. Fenno, Charu Ramakrishnan & Karl Deisseroth Despite a rapidly-growing scientific and clinical brain imaging literature based on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) using blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD)1 signals, it remains controversial whether BOLD signals in a particular region can . . . → Read More: Global and local fMRI signals driven by neurons defined optogenetically by type and wiring Akiko Terauchi, Erin M. Johnson-Venkatesh, Anna B. Toth, Danish Javed, Michael A. Sutton & Hisashi Umemori The differential formation of excitatory (glutamate-mediated) and inhibitory (GABA-mediated) synapses is a critical step for the proper functioning of the brain. An imbalance in these synapses may lead to various neurological disorders such as autism, schizophrenia, Tourette’s . . . → Read More: Distinct FGFs promote differentiation of excitatory and inhibitory synapses Functional impact of global rare copy number variation in autism spectrum disorders Nature 466, 368 (2010). doi:10.1038/nature09146 Authors: Dalila Pinto, Alistair T. Pagnamenta, Lambertus Klei, Richard Anney, Daniele Merico, Regina Regan, Judith … . . . → Read More: Functional impact of global rare copy number variation in autism spectrum disorders Pietro Fazzari, Ana V. Paternain, Manuel Valiente, Ramón Pla, Rafael Luján, Kent Lloyd, Juan Lerma, Oscar Marín & Beatriz Rico Schizophrenia is a complex disorder that interferes with the function of several brain systems required for cognition and normal social behaviour. Although the most notable clinical aspects of the disease only become apparent during . . . → Read More: Control of cortical GABA circuitry development by Nrg1 and ErbB4 signalling Hongbo Jia, Nathalie L. Rochefort, Xiaowei Chen & Arthur Konnerth In sensory cortex regions, neurons are tuned to specific stimulus features. For example, in the visual cortex, many neurons fire predominantly in response to moving objects of a preferred orientation. However, the characteristics of the synaptic input that cortical neurons receive to generate . . . → Read More: Dendritic organization of sensory input to cortical neurons in vivo Peter Cameron, Makoto Hiroi, John Ngai & Kristin Scott The detection of water and the regulation of water intake are essential for animals to maintain proper osmotic homeostasis1. Drosophila and other insects have gustatory sensory neurons that mediate the recognition of external water sources2, 3, 4, but little is known about the underlying . . . → Read More: The molecular basis for water taste in Drosophila Jörn Niessing & Rainer W. Friedrich The categorial nature of sensory, cognitive and behavioural acts indicates that the brain classifies neuronal activity patterns into discrete representations. Pattern classification may be achieved by abrupt switching between discrete activity states of neuronal circuits, but few experimental studies have directly tested this. We gradually varied . . . → Read More: Olfactory pattern classification by discrete neuronal network states Jochen Schwenk, Michaela Metz, Gerd Zolles, Rostislav Turecek, Thorsten Fritzius, Wolfgang Bildl, Etsuko Tarusawa, Akos Kulik, Andreas Unger, Klara Ivankova, Riad Seddik, Jim Y. Tiao, Mathieu Rajalu, Johana Trojanova, Volker Rohde, Martin Gassmann, Uwe Schulte, Bernd Fakler & Bernhard Bettler GABAB receptors are the G-protein-coupled receptors for ?-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the . . . → Read More: Native GABAB receptors are heteromultimers with a family of auxiliary subunits Yongfang Zhao, Daniel Terry, Lei Shi, Harel Weinstein, Scott C. Blanchard & Jonathan A. Javitch Neurotransmitter:Na+ symporters (NSS) remove neurotransmitters from the synapse in a reuptake process that is driven by the Na+ gradient. Drugs that interfere with this reuptake mechanism, such as cocaine and antidepressants, profoundly influence behaviour and mood. To probe . . . → Read More: Single-molecule dynamics of gating in a neurotransmitter transporter homologue Junko Sasaki, Satoshi Kofuji, Reietsu Itoh, Toshihiko Momiyama, Kiyohiko Takayama, Haruka Murakami, Shinsuke Chida, Yuko Tsuya, Shunsuke Takasuga, Satoshi Eguchi, Ken Asanuma, Yasuo Horie, Kouichi Miura, Elizabeth Michele Davies, Christina Mitchell, Masakazu Yamazaki, Hirokazu Hirai, Tadaomi Takenawa, Akira Suzuki & Takehiko Sasaki Phosphorylated derivatives of phosphatidylinositol, collectively referred to as phosphoinositides, occur in the cytoplasmic leaflet . . . → Read More: The PtdIns(3,4)P2 phosphatase INPP4A is a suppressor of excitotoxic neuronal death |
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