The Third Reviewer

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See also related paper by Grubb and Burrone

Hiroshi Kuba, Yuki Oichi & Harunori Ohmori

Deprivation of afferent inputs in neural circuits leads to diverse plastic changes in both pre- and postsynaptic elements that restore neural activity1. The axon initial segment (AIS) is the site at which neural signals arise2, 3, and should . . . → Read More: Presynaptic activity regulates Na+ channel distribution at the axon initial segment

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See also related paper by Kuba et al.

Matthew S. Grubb & Juan Burrone

In neurons, the axon initial segment (AIS) is a specialized region near the start of the axon that is the site of action potential initiation1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. The precise location of the AIS varies across and . . . → Read More: Activity-dependent relocation of the axon initial segment fine-tunes neuronal excitability

Yujiao J. Sun, Guangying K. Wu, Bao-hua Liu, Pingyang Li, Mu Zhou, Zhongju Xiao, Huizhong W. Tao & Li I. Zhang

Abstract

See also Dorrn et al from same issue . . . → Read More: Fine-tuning of pre-balanced excitation and inhibition during auditory cortical development

Anja L. Dorrn, Kexin Yuan, Alison J. Barker, Christoph E. Schreiner & Robert C. Froemke

Abstract

See also Sun et al. from same issue . . . → Read More: Developmental sensory experience balances cortical excitation and inhibition

Jin Hyung Lee, Remy Durand, Viviana Gradinaru, Feng Zhang, Inbal Goshen, Dae-Shik Kim, Lief E. Fenno, Charu Ramakrishnan & Karl Deisseroth

Despite a rapidly-growing scientific and clinical brain imaging literature based on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) using blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD)1 signals, it remains controversial whether BOLD signals in a particular region can . . . → Read More: Global and local fMRI signals driven by neurons defined optogenetically by type and wiring

Akiko Terauchi, Erin M. Johnson-Venkatesh, Anna B. Toth, Danish Javed, Michael A. Sutton & Hisashi Umemori

The differential formation of excitatory (glutamate-mediated) and inhibitory (GABA-mediated) synapses is a critical step for the proper functioning of the brain. An imbalance in these synapses may lead to various neurological disorders such as autism, schizophrenia, Tourette’s . . . → Read More: Distinct FGFs promote differentiation of excitatory and inhibitory synapses