The Third Reviewer

Ilan Dinstein, Cibu Thomas, Kate Humphreys, Nancy Minshew, Marlene Behrmann, David J. Heeger

It has been proposed that individuals with autism have difficulties understanding the goals and intentions of others because of a fundamental dysfunction in the mirror neuron system. Here, however, we show that individuals with autism exhibited not only normal fMRI . . . → Read More: Normal Movement Selectivity in Autism

Jung Hoon Sul, Hoseok Kim, Namjung Huh, Daeyeol Lee, Min Whan Jung

We investigated how different subregions of rodent prefrontal cortex contribute to value-based decision making, by comparing neural signals related to animal’s choice, its outcome, and action value in orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of rats performing a dynamic two-armed . . . → Read More: Distinct Roles of Rodent Orbitofrontal and Medial Prefrontal Cortex in Decision Making

Daniel Durstewitz, Nicole M. Vittoz, Stan B. Floresco, Jeremy K. Seamans

One of the most intriguing aspects of adaptive behavior involves the inference of regularities and rules in ever-changing environments. Rules are often deduced through evidence-based learning which relies on the prefrontal cortex (PFC). This is a highly dynamic process, evolving trial by . . . → Read More: Abrupt Transitions between Prefrontal Neural Ensemble States Accompany Behavioral Transitions during Rule Learning

Michiel W.H. Remme, Máté Lengyel, Boris S. Gutkin

Dendritic democracy and independence have been characterized for near-instantaneous processing of synaptic inputs. However, a wide class of neuronal computations requires input integration on long timescales. As a paradigmatic example, entorhinal grid fields have been thought to be generated by the democratic summation of independent . . . → Read More: Democracy-Independence Trade-Off in Oscillating Dendrites and Its Implications for Grid Cells

Gurprit S. Lall, Victoria L. Revell, Hiroshi Momiji, Jazi Al Enezi, Cara M. Altimus, Ali D. Güler, Carlos Aguilar, Morven A. Cameron, Susan Allender, Mark W. Hankins, Robert J. Lucas

Photoreceptive, melanopsin-expressing retinal ganglion cells (mRGCs) encode ambient light (irradiance) for the circadian clock, the pupillomotor system, and other influential behavioral/physiological responses. . . . → Read More: Distinct Contributions of Rod, Cone, and Melanopsin Photoreceptors to Encoding Irradiance

Chen Zhang, Deniz Atasoy, Demet Araç, Xiaofei Yang, Marc V. Fucillo, Alfred J. Robison, Jaewon Ko, Axel T. Brunger, Thomas C. Südhof

Neurexins are presynaptic cell-adhesion molecules that form trans-synaptic complexes with postsynaptic neuroligins. When overexpressed in nonneuronal cells, neurexins induce formation of postsynaptic specializations in cocultured neurons, suggesting that neurexins are . . . → Read More: Neurexins Physically and Functionally Interact with GABAA Receptors

Joshua J. Buchman, Huan-Chung Tseng, Ying Zhou, Christopher L. Frank, Zhigang Xie, Li-Huei Tsai

Primary autosomal-recessive microcephaly (MCPH) and Majewski osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II (MOPDII) are both genetic diseases that result in decreased brain size at birth. MCPH is thought to arise from alterations in the size of the neural progenitor pool, but . . . → Read More: Cdk5rap2 Interacts with Pericentrin to Maintain the Neural Progenitor Pool in the Developing Neocortex

Chih-Hang Anthony Tang, Erica Hinteregger, Yuhua Shang, Michael Rosbash

Circadian systems are entrained and phase shifted by light. In Drosophila, the model of light-mediated phase shifting begins with photon capture by CRYPTOCHROME (CRY) followed by rapid TIMELESS (TIM) degradation. In this study, we focused on phase delays and assayed TIM degradation within individual . . . → Read More: Light-Mediated TIM Degradation within Drosophila Pacemaker Neurons (s-LNvs) Is Neither Necessary nor Sufficient for Delay Zone Phase Shifts

Takuro Tojima, Rurika Itofusa, Hiroyuki Kamiguchi

Asymmetric Ca2+ elevations across the axonal growth cone mediate its turning responses to attractive and repulsive guidance cues. Here we show that clathrin-mediated endocytosis acts downstream of Ca2+ signals as driving machinery for growth cone turning. In dorsal root ganglion neurons, the formation of clathrin-coated pits is facilitated . . . → Read More: Asymmetric Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis Drives Repulsive Growth Cone Guidance

Biyu J. He, John M. Zempel, Abraham Z. Snyder, Marcus E. Raichle

Scale-free dynamics, with a power spectrum following P ? f??, are an intrinsic feature of many complex processes in nature. In neural systems, scale-free activity is often neglected in electrophysiological research. Here, we investigate scale-free dynamics in human brain and . . . → Read More: The Temporal Structures and Functional Significance of Scale-free Brain Activity