The Third Reviewer

<p>The biological determinants of the phenotypic variation in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) are unknown. To categorize sCJD cases, the prion… . . . → Read More: Defining sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease strains and their transmission properties [Neuroscience]

<p>In the study of long-term memory, how memory persists is a fundamental and unresolved question. What are the molecular components… . . . → Read More: Drosophila Orb2 targets genes involved in neuronal growth, synapse formation, and protein turnover [Neuroscience]

<p>How persistent synaptic and spine modification is achieved is essential to our understanding of developmental refinement of neural circuitry and… . . . → Read More: Perisynaptic GluR2-lacking AMPA receptors control the reversibility of synaptic and spines modifications [Neuroscience]

<p>Degenerating myelin inhibits axon regeneration and is rapidly cleared after peripheral (PNS) but not central nervous system (CNS) injury. To… . . . → Read More: Endogenous antibodies promote rapid myelin clearance and effective axon regeneration after nerve injury [Neuroscience]

<p>Neuroimaging studies of cognitive control have identified two distinct networks with dissociable resting state connectivity patterns. This study, in patients… . . . → Read More: Double dissociation of two cognitive control networks in patients with focal brain lesions [Neuroscience]

<p>Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotype is a powerful genetic modifier of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The ApoE4 isoform significantly reduces the mean… . . . → Read More: ApoE4 reduces glutamate receptor function and synaptic plasticity by selectively impairing ApoE receptor recycling [Neuroscience]

<p>Knowing the body’s location in external space is a fundamental perceptual task. Perceiving the location of body parts through proprioception… . . . → Read More: An implicit body representation underlying human position sense [Neuroscience]

<p>The neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are allosteric membrane proteins involved in multiple cognitive processes, including attention, learning, and memory…. . . . → Read More: Alterations of cortical pyramidal neurons in mice lacking high-affinity nicotinic receptors [Neuroscience]

<p>Mutation of rod photoreceptor-enriched transcription factors is a major cause of inherited blindness. We identified the orphan nuclear hormone receptor… . . . → Read More: The orphan nuclear hormone receptor ERR{beta} controls rod photoreceptor survival [Neuroscience]

<p>Failure of remyelination is largely responsible for sustained neurologic symptoms in multiple sclerosis (MS). MS lesions contain hyaluronan deposits that… . . . → Read More: Hyaluronan blocks oligodendrocyte progenitor maturation and remyelination through TLR2 [Neuroscience]

<p>Fragile X syndrome (FXS), a common inherited form of mental impairment and autism, is caused by transcriptional silencing of the… . . . → Read More: Characterization and reversal of synaptic defects in the amygdala in a mouse model of fragile X syndrome [Neuroscience]

<p>Artemin, a member of the glial-derived neurotrophic factor family, promotes robust regeneration of sensory axons after dorsal root crush. We… . . . → Read More: Topographically specific regeneration of sensory axons in the spinal cord [Neuroscience]

<p>Lithium has been the gold standard in the treatment of bipolar disorder (BPD) for 60 y. Like lithium, glycogen synthase… . . . → Read More: A kinesin signaling complex mediates the ability of GSK-3{beta} to affect mood-associated behaviors [Neuroscience]

<p>Axons fail to regenerate in the injured spinal cord, limiting motor and autonomic recovery and contributing to long-term morbidity. Endogenous… . . . → Read More: Sialidase enhances recovery from spinal cord contusion injury [Neuroscience]

<p>In this study, we have used a microRNA-regulated lentiviral reporter system to visualize and segregate differentiating neuronal cells in pluripotent… . . . → Read More: Tracking differentiating neural progenitors in pluripotent cultures using microRNA-regulated lentiviral vectors [Neuroscience]

<p>This work tests the hypothesis that the cerebellum is critical to the perception of the timing of sensory events. Auditory… . . . → Read More: Dissociation of duration-based and beat-based auditory timing in cerebellar degeneration [Neuroscience]

<p>Voltage-dependent potassium channels (Kv) are homotetramers composed of four voltage sensors and one pore domain. Because of high-level structural flexibility,… . . . → Read More: Structure of the full-length Shaker potassium channel Kv1.2 by normal-mode-based X-ray crystallographic refinement [Biophysics_And_Computational_Biology]

<p>Is the human mind/brain composed of a set of highly specialized components, each carrying out a specific aspect of human… . . . → Read More: Inaugural Article: Functional specificity in the human brain: A window into the functional architecture of the mind [Neuroscience]

Aiqun Hu, Wei Zhang, and Zuoren Wang

Feedback plays important roles in sensory processing. Mushroom bodies are believed to be involved in olfactory learning/memory and multisensory integration in . . . → Read More: Functional feedback from mushroom bodies to antennal lobes in the Drosophila olfactory pathway

David A. Wolk, Bradford C. Dickerson, and the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative

The ?4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is the major genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but limited . . . → Read More: Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype has dissociable effects on memory and attentional–executive network function in Alzheimer’s disease

Sebastian P. Galuska, Manuela Rollenhagen, Moritz Kaup, Katinka Eggers, Imke Oltmann-Norden, Miriam Schiff, Maike Hartmann, Birgit Weinhold, Herbert Hildebrandt, Rudolf Geyer, Martina Mühlenhoff, and Hildegard Geyer

Among the large set of cell surface glycan structures, the carbohydrate polymer polysialic acid (polySia) plays an important . . . → Read More: Synaptic cell adhesion molecule SynCAM 1 is a target for polysialylation in postnatal mouse brain

Naoya Takahashi, Takuya Sasaki, Wataru Matsumoto, Norio Matsuki, and Yuji Ikegaya

Spike synchronization underlies information processing and storage in the brain. But how can neurons synchronize in a noisy . . . → Read More: Circuit topology for synchronizing neurons in spontaneously active networks

Marieke L. Schölvinck, Alexander Maier, Frank Q. Ye, Jeff H. Duyn, David A. Leopold

Functional MRI (fMRI) has uncovered widespread hemodynamic fluctuations in the brain during rest. Recent electroencephalographic . . . → Read More: Neural basis of global resting-state fMRI activity

Anastassios V. Tzingounis, Matthias Heidenreich, Tatjana Kharkovets, Guillermo Spitzmaul, Henrik S. Jensen, Roger A. Nicoll, Thomas J. Jentsch

Mutations in KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 voltage-gated potassium channels lead to neonatal epilepsy as a consequence of their key role . . . → Read More: The KCNQ5 potassium channel mediates a component of the afterhyperpolarization current in mouse hippocampus

Ke Zhou, Lei Mo, Paul Kay, Veronica P. Y. Kwok, Tiffany N. M. Ip,  Li Hai Tan

Linguistic categories have been shown to influence perceptual discrimination, to do so preferentially in the right visual . . . → Read More: Newly trained lexical categories produce lateralized categorical perception of color

Klas Tybrandt, Karin C. Larsson, Agneta Richter-Dahlfors, and Magnus Berggren

Dynamic control of chemical microenvironments is essential for continued development in numerous fields of life sciences. . . . → Read More: Ion bipolar junction transistors