Relating Introspective Accuracy to Individual Differences in Brain Structure

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Stephen M. Fleming, Rimona S. Weil, Zoltan Nagy, Raymond J. Dolan, and Geraint Rees

The ability to introspect about self-performance is key to human subjective experience, but the neuroanatomical basis of this ability is unknown. Such accurate introspection requires discriminating correct decisions from incorrect ones, a capacity that varies substantially across individuals. We dissociated variation . . . → Read More: Relating Introspective Accuracy to Individual Differences in Brain Structure

MiR-16 Targets the Serotonin Transporter: A New Facet for Adaptive Responses to Antidepressants

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Anne Baudry, Sophie Mouillet-Richard, Benoît Schneider, Jean-Marie Launay, and Odile Kellermann

The serotonin transporter (SERT) ensures the recapture of serotonin and is the pharmacological target of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants. We show that SERT is a target of microRNA-16 (miR-16). miR-16 is expressed at higher levels in noradrenergic than in serotonergic cells; its . . . → Read More: MiR-16 Targets the Serotonin Transporter: A New Facet for Adaptive Responses to Antidepressants

The structure of cbb3 cytochrome oxidase provides insights into proton pumping.

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The structure of cbb3 cytochrome oxidase provides insights into proton pumping.
Science. 2010 Jul 16;329(5989):327-30
Authors: Buschmann S, Warkentin E, Xie H, Langer JD, Ermler U, Michel H
The heme-… . . . → Read More: The structure of cbb3 cytochrome oxidase provides insights into proton pumping.

Explaining the structure of the Archean mass-independent sulfur isotope record.

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Explaining the structure of the Archean mass-independent sulfur isotope record.
Science. 2010 Jul 9;329(5988):204-7
Authors: Halevy I, Johnston DT, Schrag DP
Sulfur isotopes in ancient sediments prov… . . . → Read More: Explaining the structure of the Archean mass-independent sulfur isotope record.

Creation of a bacterial cell controlled by a chemically synthesized genome.

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Creation of a bacterial cell controlled by a chemically synthesized genome.
Science. 2010 Jul 2;329(5987):52-6
Authors: Gibson DG, Glass JI, Lartigue C, Noskov VN, Chuang RY, Algire MA, Benders GA, Montague … . . . → Read More: Creation of a bacterial cell controlled by a chemically synthesized genome.

An allosteric self-splicing ribozyme triggered by a bacterial second messenger.

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An allosteric self-splicing ribozyme triggered by a bacterial second messenger.
Science. 2010 Aug 13;329(5993):845-8
Authors: Lee ER, Baker JL, Weinberg Z, Sudarsan N, Breaker RR
Group I self-splicin… . . . → Read More: An allosteric self-splicing ribozyme triggered by a bacterial second messenger.

Quantifying E. coli proteome and transcriptome with single-molecule sensitivity in single cells.

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Quantifying E. coli proteome and transcriptome with single-molecule sensitivity in single cells.
Science. 2010 Jul 30;329(5991):533-8
Authors: Taniguchi Y, Choi PJ, Li GW, Chen H, Babu M, Hearn J, Emili A, … . . . → Read More: Quantifying E. coli proteome and transcriptome with single-molecule sensitivity in single cells.

Chemoattraction to dimethylsulfoniopropionate throughout the marine microbial food web.

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Chemoattraction to dimethylsulfoniopropionate throughout the marine microbial food web.
Science. 2010 Jul 16;329(5989):342-5
Authors: Seymour JR, Simó R, Ahmed T, Stocker R
Phytoplankton-produced … . . . → Read More: Chemoattraction to dimethylsulfoniopropionate throughout the marine microbial food web.

Cooperation between translating ribosomes and RNA polymerase in transcription elongation.

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Cooperation between translating ribosomes and RNA polymerase in transcription elongation.
Science. 2010 Apr 23;328(5977):504-8
Authors: Proshkin S, Rahmouni AR, Mironov A, Nudler E
During transcripti… . . . → Read More: Cooperation between translating ribosomes and RNA polymerase in transcription elongation.

A NusE:NusG complex links transcription and translation.

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A NusE:NusG complex links transcription and translation.
Science. 2010 Apr 23;328(5977):501-4
Authors: Burmann BM, Schweimer K, Luo X, Wahl MC, Stitt BL, Gottesman ME, Rösch P
Bacterial NusG is a … . . . → Read More: A NusE:NusG complex links transcription and translation.

pH sensing by intracellular Salmonella induces effector translocation.

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pH sensing by intracellular Salmonella induces effector translocation.
Science. 2010 May 21;328(5981):1040-3
Authors: Yu XJ, McGourty K, Liu M, Unsworth KE, Holden DW
Salmonella enterica is an import… . . . → Read More: pH sensing by intracellular Salmonella induces effector translocation.

Reconstitution of outer membrane protein assembly from purified components.

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Reconstitution of outer membrane protein assembly from purified components.
Science. 2010 May 14;328(5980):890-2
Authors: Hagan CL, Kim S, Kahne D
Beta-barrel membrane proteins in Gram-negative bacte… . . . → Read More: Reconstitution of outer membrane protein assembly from purified components.

Plectasin, a fungal defensin, targets the bacterial cell wall precursor Lipid II.

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Plectasin, a fungal defensin, targets the bacterial cell wall precursor Lipid II.
Science. 2010 May 28;328(5982):1168-72
Authors: Schneider T, Kruse T, Wimmer R, Wiedemann I, Sass V, Pag U, Jansen A, Nielsen… . . . → Read More: Plectasin, a fungal defensin, targets the bacterial cell wall precursor Lipid II.

c-di-AMP secreted by intracellular Listeria monocytogenes activates a host type I interferon response.

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c-di-AMP secreted by intracellular Listeria monocytogenes activates a host type I interferon response.
Science. 2010 Jun 25;328(5986):1703-5
Authors: Woodward JJ, Iavarone AT, Portnoy DA
Intracellula… . . . → Read More: c-di-AMP secreted by intracellular Listeria monocytogenes activates a host type I interferon response.

Sequential checkpoints govern substrate selection during cotranslational protein targeting.

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Sequential checkpoints govern substrate selection during cotranslational protein targeting.
Science. 2010 May 7;328(5979):757-60
Authors: Zhang X, Rashid R, Wang K, Shan SO
Proper protein localizatio… . . . → Read More: Sequential checkpoints govern substrate selection during cotranslational protein targeting.

Bioluminescence in the ocean: origins of biological, chemical, and ecological diversity.

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Bioluminescence in the ocean: origins of biological, chemical, and ecological diversity.
Science. 2010 May 7;328(5979):704-8
Authors: Widder EA
From bacteria to fish, a remarkable variety of marine l… . . . → Read More: Bioluminescence in the ocean: origins of biological, chemical, and ecological diversity.

D-amino acids trigger biofilm disassembly.

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D-amino acids trigger biofilm disassembly.
Science. 2010 Apr 30;328(5978):627-9
Authors: Kolodkin-Gal I, Romero D, Cao S, Clardy J, Kolter R, Losick R
Bacteria form communities known as biofilms, whi… . . . → Read More: D-amino acids trigger biofilm disassembly.

Reversible microbial colonization of germ-free mice reveals the dynamics of IgA immune responses.

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Reversible microbial colonization of germ-free mice reveals the dynamics of IgA immune responses.
Science. 2010 Jun 25;328(5986):1705-9
Authors: Hapfelmeier S, Lawson MA, Slack E, Kirundi JK, Stoel M, Heiken… . . . → Read More: Reversible microbial colonization of germ-free mice reveals the dynamics of IgA immune responses.

A generalization of Hamilton’s rule for the evolution of microbial cooperation.

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A generalization of Hamilton’s rule for the evolution of microbial cooperation.
Science. 2010 Jun 25;328(5986):1700-3
Authors: Smith J, Van Dyken JD, Zee PC
Hamilton’s rule states that cooperation wi… . . . → Read More: A generalization of Hamilton’s rule for the evolution of microbial cooperation.

Exploitation of the intestinal microflora by the parasitic nematode Trichuris muris.

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Exploitation of the intestinal microflora by the parasitic nematode Trichuris muris.
Science. 2010 Jun 11;328(5984):1391-4
Authors: Hayes KS, Bancroft AJ, Goldrick M, Portsmouth C, Roberts IS, Grencis RK
. . . → Read More: Exploitation of the intestinal microflora by the parasitic nematode Trichuris muris.

Asymmetrical distribution of the second messenger c-di-GMP upon bacterial cell division.

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Asymmetrical distribution of the second messenger c-di-GMP upon bacterial cell division.
Science. 2010 Jun 4;328(5983):1295-7
Authors: Christen M, Kulasekara HD, Christen B, Kulasekara BR, Hoffman LR, Miller… . . . → Read More: Asymmetrical distribution of the second messenger c-di-GMP upon bacterial cell division.

Evolution of MRSA during hospital transmission and intercontinental spread.

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Evolution of MRSA during hospital transmission and intercontinental spread.
Science. 2010 Jan 22;327(5964):469-74
Authors: Harris SR, Feil EJ, Holden MT, Quail MA, Nickerson EK, Chantratita N, Gardete S, Ta… . . . → Read More: Evolution of MRSA during hospital transmission and intercontinental spread.

CRISPR/Cas, the immune system of bacteria and archaea.

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CRISPR/Cas, the immune system of bacteria and archaea.
Science. 2010 Jan 8;327(5962):167-70
Authors: Horvath P, Barrangou R
Microbes rely on diverse defense mechanisms that allow them to withstand vi… . . . → Read More: CRISPR/Cas, the immune system of bacteria and archaea.

Structure and mechanisms of a protein-based organelle in Escherichia coli.

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Structure and mechanisms of a protein-based organelle in Escherichia coli.
Science. 2010 Jan 1;327(5961):81-4
Authors: Tanaka S, Sawaya MR, Yeates TO
Many bacterial cells contain proteinaceous microc… . . . → Read More: Structure and mechanisms of a protein-based organelle in Escherichia coli.

Tuberculous granuloma induction via interaction of a bacterial secreted protein with host epithelium.

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Tuberculous granuloma induction via interaction of a bacterial secreted protein with host epithelium.
Science. 2010 Jan 22;327(5964):466-9
Authors: Volkman HE, Pozos TC, Zheng J, Davis JM, Rawls JF, Ramakris… . . . → Read More: Tuberculous granuloma induction via interaction of a bacterial secreted protein with host epithelium.

Peptidomimetic antibiotics target outer-membrane biogenesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

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Peptidomimetic antibiotics target outer-membrane biogenesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Science. 2010 Feb 19;327(5968):1010-3
Authors: Srinivas N, Jetter P, Ueberbacher BJ, Werneburg M, Zerbe K, Steinmann J, … . . . → Read More: Peptidomimetic antibiotics target outer-membrane biogenesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Acetylation of metabolic enzymes coordinates carbon source utilization and metabolic flux.

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Acetylation of metabolic enzymes coordinates carbon source utilization and metabolic flux.
Science. 2010 Feb 19;327(5968):1004-7
Authors: Wang Q, Zhang Y, Yang C, Xiong H, Lin Y, Yao J, Li H, Xie L, Zhao W, … . . . → Read More: Acetylation of metabolic enzymes coordinates carbon source utilization and metabolic flux.

Conformational spread as a mechanism for cooperativity in the bacterial flagellar switch.

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Conformational spread as a mechanism for cooperativity in the bacterial flagellar switch.
Science. 2010 Feb 5;327(5966):685-9
Authors: Bai F, Branch RW, Nicolau DV, Pilizota T, Steel BC, Maini PK, Berry RM
. . . → Read More: Conformational spread as a mechanism for cooperativity in the bacterial flagellar switch.

Generating a prion with bacterially expressed recombinant prion protein.

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Generating a prion with bacterially expressed recombinant prion protein.
Science. 2010 Feb 26;327(5969):1132-5
Authors: Wang F, Wang X, Yuan CG, Ma J
The prion hypothesis posits that a misfolded for… . . . → Read More: Generating a prion with bacterially expressed recombinant prion protein.

Plant peptides govern terminal differentiation of bacteria in symbiosis.

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Plant peptides govern terminal differentiation of bacteria in symbiosis.
Science. 2010 Feb 26;327(5969):1122-6
Authors: Van de Velde W, Zehirov G, Szatmari A, Debreczeny M, Ishihara H, Kevei Z, Farkas A, Mik… . . . → Read More: Plant peptides govern terminal differentiation of bacteria in symbiosis.

Photorhabdus luminescens toxins ADP-ribosylate actin and RhoA to force actin clustering.

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Photorhabdus luminescens toxins ADP-ribosylate actin and RhoA to force actin clustering.
Science. 2010 Feb 26;327(5969):1139-42
Authors: Lang AE, Schmidt G, Schlosser A, Hey TD, Larrinua IM, Sheets JJ, Mannh… . . . → Read More: Photorhabdus luminescens toxins ADP-ribosylate actin and RhoA to force actin clustering.

A nodule-specific protein secretory pathway required for nitrogen-fixing symbiosis.

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A nodule-specific protein secretory pathway required for nitrogen-fixing symbiosis.
Science. 2010 Feb 26;327(5969):1126-9
Authors: Wang D, Griffitts J, Starker C, Fedorova E, Limpens E, Ivanov S, Bisseling T… . . . → Read More: A nodule-specific protein secretory pathway required for nitrogen-fixing symbiosis.

Altruism, spite, and greenbeards.

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Altruism, spite, and greenbeards.
Science. 2010 Mar 12;327(5971):1341-4
Authors: West SA, Gardner A
Hamilton’s theory of inclusive fitness showed how natural selection could lead to behaviors that de… . . . → Read More: Altruism, spite, and greenbeards.

Spatially ordered dynamics of the bacterial carbon fixation machinery.

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Spatially ordered dynamics of the bacterial carbon fixation machinery.
Science. 2010 Mar 5;327(5970):1258-61
Authors: Savage DF, Afonso B, Chen AH, Silver PA
Cyanobacterial carbon fixation is a major… . . . → Read More: Spatially ordered dynamics of the bacterial carbon fixation machinery.

mTOR-Dependent Synapse Formation Underlies the Rapid Antidepressant Effects of NMDA Antagonists

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Nanxin Li, Boyoung Lee, Rong-Jian Liu, Mounira Banasr, Jason M. Dwyer, Masaaki Iwata, Xiao-Yuan Li, George Aghajanian, Ronald S. Duman

The rapid antidepressant response after ketamine administration in treatment-resistant depressed patients suggests a possible new approach for treating mood disorders compared to the weeks or months required for standard medications. However, the mechanisms underlying this . . . → Read More: mTOR-Dependent Synapse Formation Underlies the Rapid Antidepressant Effects of NMDA Antagonists

Sex-Specific Parent-of-Origin Allelic Expression in the Mouse Brain

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Christopher Gregg, Jiangwen Zhang, James E. Butler, David Haig, and Catherine Dulac

Genomic imprinting results in preferential gene expression from paternally versus maternally inherited chromosomes. We used a genome-wide approach to uncover sex-specific parent-of-origin allelic effects in the adult mouse brain. Our study identified preferential selection of the maternally inherited X chromosome in glutamatergic neurons . . . → Read More: Sex-Specific Parent-of-Origin Allelic Expression in the Mouse Brain

Role of Secondary Sensory Cortices in Emotional Memory Storage and Retrieval in Rats

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Tiziana Sacco and Benedetto Sacchetti

Visual, acoustic, and olfactory stimuli associated with a highly charged emotional situation take on the affective qualities of that situation. Where the emotional meaning of a given sensory experience is stored is a matter of debate. We found that excitotoxic lesions of auditory, visual, or olfactory secondary sensory cortices impaired . . . → Read More: Role of Secondary Sensory Cortices in Emotional Memory Storage and Retrieval in Rats

High-Resolution Analysis of Parent-of-Origin Allelic Expression in the Mouse Brain

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Christopher Gregg, Jiangwen Zhang, Brandon Weissbourd, Shujun Luo, Gary P. Schroth, David Haig, and Catherine Dulac

Genomic imprinting results in preferential expression of the paternal or maternal allele of certain genes. We have performed a genome-wide characterization of imprinting in the mouse embryonic and adult brain. This approach uncovered parent-of-origin allelic effects of more than . . . → Read More: High-Resolution Analysis of Parent-of-Origin Allelic Expression in the Mouse Brain

Astrocytes Control Breathing Through pH-Dependent Release of ATP

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Alexander V. Gourine, Vitaliy Kasymov, Nephtali Marina, Feige Tang, Melina F. Figueiredo, Samantha Lane, Anja G. Teschemacher, K. Michael Spyer, Karl Deisseroth, and Sergey Kasparov

Astrocytes provide structural and metabolic support for neuronal networks, but direct evidence demonstrating their active role in complex behaviors is limited. Central respiratory chemosensitivity is an essential mechanism . . . → Read More: Astrocytes Control Breathing Through pH-Dependent Release of ATP

Dopaminergic Network Differences in Human Impulsivity

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Joshua W. Buckholtz, Michael T. Treadway, Ronald L. Cowan, Neil D. Woodward, Rui Li, M. Sib Ansari, Ronald M. Baldwin, Ashley N. Schwartzman, Evan S. Shelby, Clarence E. Smith, Robert M. Kessler, and David H. Zald

Dopamine (DA) has long been implicated in impulsivity, but the precise mechanisms linking human variability in . . . → Read More: Dopaminergic Network Differences in Human Impulsivity

[Report] Transition to Addiction Is Associated with a Persistent Impairment in Synaptic Plasticity

Loss of glutamate receptor–dependent synaptic plasticity in the brain is associated with the transition to cocaine addiction.<br><br>Authors: Fernando Kasanetz, Véronique Deroche-Gamonet, Nadège Berson, Eric Balado, Mathieu Lafourcade, Olivier Manzoni, Pier Vincenzo Piazza . . . → Read More: [Report] Transition to Addiction Is Associated with a Persistent Impairment in Synaptic Plasticity

Development of the Spatial Representation System in the Rat

Abstract

Rosamund F. Langston, James A. Ainge, Jonathan J. Couey, Cathrin B. Canto, Tale L. Bjerknes, Menno P. Witter, Edvard I. Moser, and May-Britt Moser

In the adult brain, space and orientation are represented by an elaborate hippocampal-parahippocampal circuit consisting of head-direction cells, place cells, and grid cells. We report that a rudimentary . . . → Read More: Development of the Spatial Representation System in the Rat

Development of the Hippocampal Cognitive Map in Preweanling Rats

Abstract

Tom J. Wills, Francesca Cacucci, Neil Burgess, and John O’Keefe

Orienting in large-scale space depends on the interaction of environmental experience and preconfigured, possibly innate, constructs. Place, head-direction, and grid cells in the hippocampal formation provide allocentric representations of space. Here we show how these cognitive representations emerge and develop as rat . . . → Read More: Development of the Hippocampal Cognitive Map in Preweanling Rats

Dlg1-PTEN Interaction Regulates Myelin Thickness to Prevent Damaging Peripheral Nerve Overmyelination

Laurent Cotter, Murat Özçelik, Claire Jacob, Jorge A. Pereira, Veronica Locher, Reto Baumann, João B. Relvas, Ueli Suter, and . . . → Read More: Dlg1-PTEN Interaction Regulates Myelin Thickness to Prevent Damaging Peripheral Nerve Overmyelination

Focal Lesions of Human Hippocampal CA1 Neurons in Transient Global Amnesia Impair Place Memory

T. Bartsch, R. Schönfeld, F. J. Müller, K. Alfke, B. Leplow, J. Aldenhoff, G. Deuschl, and J. . . . → Read More: Focal Lesions of Human Hippocampal CA1 Neurons in Transient Global Amnesia Impair Place Memory

Induction of Fear Extinction with Hippocampal-Infralimbic BDNF

Jamie Peters, Laura M. Dieppa-Perea, Loyda M. Melendez, and Gregory J. Quirk

The extinction of conditioned fear memories requires plasticity in the infralimbic medial prefrontal cortex (IL mPFC), but little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a key mediator of synaptic plasticity in multiple brain areas. . . . → Read More: Induction of Fear Extinction with Hippocampal-Infralimbic BDNF

The Fusogen EFF-1 Controls Sculpting of Mechanosensory Dendrites

Meital Oren-Suissa, David H. Hall, Millet Treinin, Gidi Shemer, and Benjamin Podbilewicz

The mechanisms controlling the formation and maintenance of neuronal trees are poorly understood. We examined the dynamic development of two arborized mechanoreceptor neurons (PVDs) required for reception of strong mechanical stimuli in Caenorhabditis elegans. The PVDs elaborated dendritic trees comprising . . . → Read More: The Fusogen EFF-1 Controls Sculpting of Mechanosensory Dendrites

Dynamic Ca2+-Dependent Stimulation of Vesicle Fusion by Membrane-Anchored Synaptotagmin 1

Han-Ki Lee,  Yoosoo Yang,  Zengliu Su,  Changbong Hyeon, Tae-Sun Lee, Hong-Won Lee, Dae-Hyuk Kweon, Yeon-Kyun Shin,  Tae-Young Yoon

In neurons, synaptotagmin 1 (Syt1) is thought to mediate the fusion of synaptic vesicles with the plasma membrane when presynaptic Ca2+ levels rise. However, in vitro reconstitution experiments have failed to recapitulate key characteristics of . . . → Read More: Dynamic Ca2+-Dependent Stimulation of Vesicle Fusion by Membrane-Anchored Synaptotagmin 1

Altered Histone Acetylation Is Associated with Age-Dependent Memory Impairment in Mice

Shahaf Peleg,  Farahnaz Sananbenesi,  Athanasios Zovoilis,  Susanne Burkhardt, Sanaz Bahari-Javan, Roberto Carlos Agis-Balboa, Perla Cota, Jessica Lee Wittnam,  Andreas Gogol-Doering, Lennart Opitz, Gabriella Salinas-Riester, Markus Dettenhofer, Hui Kang, Laurent Farinelli, Wei Chen, André Fischer

As the human life span increases, the number of people suffering from cognitive decline is rising dramatically. The mechanisms underlying . . . → Read More: Altered Histone Acetylation Is Associated with Age-Dependent Memory Impairment in Mice

Molecular Identity of Dendritic Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels

Andrea Lorincz and Zoltan Nusser

Active invasion of the dendritic tree by action potentials (APs) generated in the axon is essential for associative synaptic plasticity and neuronal ensemble formation. In cortical pyramidal cells (PCs), this AP back-propagation is supported by dendritic voltage-gated Na+ (Nav) channels, whose molecular identity is unknown. Using a . . . → Read More: Molecular Identity of Dendritic Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels